Current Issue

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Total number of articles in this issue: 4
Total number of pages in this issue: 34

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Year

2025

Volume

2

Number

2

Status

Archived

Published

2025 April 15

Articles

Cross-modal Contrastive Learning for Robust Visual Representation in Dynamic Environmental Conditions

This paper proposes a novel cross-modal contrastive learning framework for robust visual representation under dynamic environmental conditions. We address the challenge of maintaining consistent performance across varying environments by introducing a dual-stream architecture that leverages complementary information from visual and contextual modalities. Our framework incorporates three key components: (1) a cross-modal contrastive learning mechanism that establishes correspondences between modalities while preserving their semantic structure, (2) a feature alignment module with cross-modal attention that dynamically aligns features across modalities, and (3) an environmental adaptation strategy with adaptive normalization and memory-augmented learning to enhance robustness against environmental variations. Extensive experiments on three datasets (DynamicVQA, MultiEnv-ImageText, and RobustSceneX) demonstrate that our approach consistently outperforms existing methods, achieving an average improvement of 8.1% in mean Average Precision over state-of-the-art baselines. Ablation studies confirm the contribution of each component, with the full model exhibiting superior performance in cross-condition scenarios. Zero-shot transfer experiments further validate the generalizability of our learned representations to downstream tasks. Our work provides a comprehensive solution for robust visual representation learning in real-world applications where environmental conditions frequently change.

DOI10.70393/616a6e73.323833ARKark:/40704/AJNS.v2n2a04

A Technical Review of Sequence-to-Sequence Models

Seq2Seq models and their variants have become a mainstay of modern natural language processing and sequence modelling tasks. Just Information about Seq2Seq models. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of Seq2Seq architecture from early-stage RNN based approaches to recent Transformer based methods. The paper extensively covers additional important methods such as attention mechanisms, bidirectional encoders, pointer-generator networks, as well as optimization methods such as beam search, scheduled sampling and reinforcement learning. It also discusses the challenges of data preprocessing, loss functions, and evaluation metrics, as well as applications in machine translation, summarization, speech recognition, and conversational AI. This paper provides a comprehensive report on the design and future directions of Seq2Seq models emphasizing on theoretical foundations as well as real world applications.

DOI10.70393/616a6e73.323834ARKark:/40704/AJNS.v2n2a01

Research on Text Classification Methods Based on Decision Trees: A Case Study on the Recognition of the Entity Category 'Position'

This paper investigates the application of a decision tree model for the binary classification task of the 'Position' category on the CLUENER2020 dataset, aiming to provide a lightweight and efficient method for named entity recognition. The CLUENER2020 dataset includes multiple label categories, among which the accurate identification of the 'Position' category is of significant importance for information extraction and text processing. Through data preprocessing, feature extraction, model training, and testing, this study evaluates the performance of the decision tree model on this task. The experimental results indicate that the model achieves an overall accuracy of 98%, with a precision of 98%, recall of 100%, and F1 score of 99% for the 'Non-Position' category, while the 'Position' category has a precision of 100%, recall of 85%, and F1 score of 92%. Although the model performs excellently on the 'Non-Position' category, the lower recall rate for the 'Position' category reveals a certain degree of missed detection, primarily attributed to the class imbalance in the dataset and the complexity of text features related to positions. The contribution of this paper lies in validating the applicability of traditional machine learning models for specific named entity recognition tasks. Particularly in resource-constrained scenarios, the decision tree model offers a feasible solution. Future research could further enhance model performance and improve the accuracy and robustness of named entity recognition tasks through data augmentation techniques, the integration of more complex model architectures, and in-depth feature engineering and hyperparameter optimization methods.

DOI10.70393/616a6e73.323835ARKark:/40704/AJNS.v2n2a02

Data Contamination or Genuine Generalization? Disentangling LLM Performance on Benchmarks

Large language models (LLMs) achieve high benchmark performance, but whether this stems from genuine generalization or data contamination remains unclear. This paper proposes a three-tier framework to disentangle these effects, combining n-gram alignment, canary insertion, and perturbation testing across open (Llama 2, Mistral) and closed (GPT-4) models. Our analysis reveals that: (1) Larger models exhibit higher contamination (18.1% n-gram overlap for Llama 2-70B) but smaller out-of-distribution (OOD) drops (−9.4%), suggesting scale mitigates memorization’s impact; (2) Perturbation experiments show factual recall is most vulnerable (e.g., −22.4% accuracy drop for entity swaps); (3) Chain-of-thought (CoT) evaluation uncovers hidden generalization (+21.3% gap for GPT-4), though humans outperform LLMs in robustness (e.g., −4.3% vs. −9.8% on swaps). We advocate for contamination-aware benchmarks and CoT-enhanced evaluation.

DOI10.70393/616a6e73.323836ARKark:/40704/AJNS.v2n2a03

Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Southern United Academy of Sciences.
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