Open Access Research Article CC BY 4.0 Published 1 April 2025

Assessment Methods and Protection Strategies for Data Leakage Risks in Large Language Models

Xingpeng Xiao1, Yaomin Zhang2, Jian Xu3, Wenkun Ren4, Junyi Zhang5.

  1. 1 Shandong University of Science and Technology
  2. 2 University of San Francisco
  3. 3 University of Southern California
  4. 4 Illinois Institute of Technology
  5. 5 Lawrence Technological University

* Corresponding author: Xingpeng Xiao · charlsiexno9@gmail.com

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Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Southern United Academy of Sciences.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Journal of Industrial Engineering and Applied Science (JIEAS)
Published by Southern United Academy of Sciences Limited ISNI: 0000000512776460, operated by the Publications Division.